The Lottery by Shirley Jackson - 1325 Words

In â€Å"The Lottery†, Jackson wrote about a special tradition of a small village. June 27th was warm and sunny, and it gave the impression like nothing could possibly go wrong. Everyone knows the lottery as an exciting thing, and everybody wants to win, but this lottery is unlike any other. This lottery was actually the tradition of stoning of an innocent villager; that year it was Tessie Hutchinson. Though the horrific ending was not expected, throughout the story Jackson gave subtle hints that this was not an average lottery. Jackson foreshadowed the death of Tessie Hutchinson with stones, the black box, and the three legged stool; she showed that unquestioning support of tradition can be fatal. The stones played of one the largest parts†¦show more content†¦The box symbolized the anticipation of death, but it is treated as an everyday object. The three legged stool was the most unobtrusive out of the three. Jackson made it obvious that the villagers were frighten ed by the object, â€Å"The villagers kept their distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stool† (Jackson). Jackson gave an ominous vibe about the box; the reader have should notice the uneasiness the villagers feel. The stool was equally as significant as the black box, â€Å"It would thus seem that the stool is at least as important as the box: in my opinion, it is the symbol which holds the key the Jackson’s conclusive theme† (Nebeker). Nebeker explains the importance of the stool and how it symbolizes the Christian trinity: Now we understand the significance of the three-legged stool—as old as the tripod of the Delphic oracle, as new as the Christian trinity. For that which supports the present day box of meaningless and perverted superstition is the body of unexamined tradition or at least six thousand years of mans history. Some of these traditions (one leg of the stool if you like), are as old as the memory of man and are symb olized by the season, the ritual, the original box, the wood chips, the names of Summers, Graves, Martin, Warner (all cultures have their priesthoods!). These original, even justifiable traditions gave way to or were absorbed by later Hebraic perversions; and the narrative pursues itsShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main charac ter Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

The Minimum Wage Should Be Raised - 973 Words

â€Å"Every penny makes a difference because low-wage workers make the choice between putting food on the table and paying for electricity or buying clothes for their children,† argues union official and author Beth Shulman. As society continues to grow our means of gathering necessities depletes. We begin choosing either higher education or no debt in the future. The very things we have worked for are simply taken from us all because of price and future impediments. To yield change the minimum wage should be raised to help families, boost the economy and fit the society we have now. The increase in inflation that fluctuates our economy and expenses needs to be adjusted to what the people have to give. However, there are some that seem to have the perspective that if we raise the wage it will cause more disputes. From yours truly I say â€Å"How bad could it be. We have to get worse before we can get better.† Primarily raising the minimum wage will help families.  "When businesses do not pay a living wage all society pays,† said U.S. Women’s Chamber of Commerce CEO Margot Dorfman. This was while she was signing an account by the national business leaders and small business owners from every state supporting the minimum wage upsurge voted for in 2007. â€Å"We pay through poverty and needless disease, disability and death from inadequate health care. We pay as women struggle to put food on the table. We pay as businesses and communities suffer economic decline.† Minimum wage is somethingShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Should Be Raised?958 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum Wage Louis Montgomery III English Composition 101 Mrs. Blackwell April 23, 2015 Minimum Wage Do minimum wage jobs help pay the bills? Do minimum wage jobs support the family? Should minimum wage be raised? Will raising the minimum wage reduce poverty? The idea of minimum wage jobs is to help people get work experience without having any skills. Most minimum wage jobs include fast food restaurants and grocery stores. Minimum wageRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised?1062 Words   |  5 Pagesever pressing question regarding Minimum wage. Not many subjects can ignite a controversy as quickly as that of whether or not minimum wage should be raised, or by how much should it be raised or if it should remain the same. What is minimum wage? By definition, minimum wage is the minimum hourly wage an employer can pay an employee for work. (â€Å"MinimumWage.com†) America’s minimum wage was first introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938. That minimum wage was introduced as part of the FairRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised? Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment has so generously termed the â€Å"minimum wage†. In Missouri, the minimum wage has been set at a rather appalling $7.65 per hour while in other states there are wages starting as high as $10. Though arguably the economy is not as sluggish and terrible as it once was, $7.65 per hour will not help those who have children, no college degree and debts to pay. It is not only Missouri that has minimum wage laws, but every other state in America has minimum wage laws in place. Both California and SeattleRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe current minimum wage is $7.25, which equals two gallons of milk, one fast food meal or two gallons of gas. Can you imagine yourself working 12-hours a day and only having enough money to p ay for rent and put food on the table for your family? With working all those long hours, you can barely afford to pay your utility bills and after that you don’t have enough money or time for luxuries like clothing or vacation. You have no savings as matter of fact, you are in a huge debt and you are livingRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised?870 Words   |  4 PagesShould Minimum Wage Be Raised? Minimum wage has always been a controversial issue. Many politicians use the argument of minimum wage for their own political propaganda. Some may argue minimum wage should be raised, while others believe it will have detrimental effects on our economy if it is raised. Surprising to most people, minimum wage earners make up only a small percent of American workers. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, minimum wage workers make up about 2.8% of all workersRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised935 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum wage is an ongoing debate in the United States. There are some people who think that it should be raised to a higher rate and others who think that it should not. There are many different pros and cons with raising minimum wage. Minimum wage is at a balanced rate that should not be raised due to lack of skill, low education, and economic problems. Jobs that require minimum wage are created for young adults who are in college or high school. They are to help one get one on their feet so thatRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised910 Words   |  4 Pagesmaximize the American Dream on the minimum wage† (Benjamin Todd Jealous). In 1938, minimum wage was created by the federal government in order to protect workers by ensuring a minimum of twenty-five cents per hour worked. Though President Roosevelt had the right idea in protecting the workforce, something needs to be done to ensure that Americans are getting a reasonable amount of money for the amount of hours they have worked. As Benjamin Todd Jealous stated, minimum wage is not enough for the averageRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Raised998 Words   |  4 Pagesprestigious job at such a young age. However that is not the case, if the minimum wage is raised to $15 an hour, a 16 year old could make $18,000 yearly working only 25 hours a week at McDonalds. Now for tee nagers that have goals for college or a car, that would money to set aside for the future, however most 16 year olds do not have those goals in mind yet, so that extra money turns into wasted money. As of February 2016 the minimum wage ranges anywhere from $7.25-$10 across the United States. Florida’sRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Not Be Raised863 Words   |  4 Pagesthan triple the minimum wage. If the minimum wage is increased, it would eliminate people’s incentives to improve. On top of that, inflation would occur, and poverty would virtually stay the same. In addition, raising the minimum wage would bring on hardship for small businesses. Of course, one may argue that the minimum should cover the cost of living, but people should have to work for their money. The minimum wage should not be raised in the United States. If the minimum wage were to go up, peopleRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Not Be Raised858 Words   |  4 PagesRepublican presidential candidate, Ted Cruz, is of the opinion that the Minimum wage should not be raised. This is a large issue as the current federal minimum wage of $7.25 is not enough to support basic living costs in a fair number of states. Ted Cruz highlights the consequences of raising the minimum wage yet ignores the cons of it remaining static (Ted Cruz on the Minimum Wage). In an article in The Atlantic, the discussion of the cost of living is brought up. The article talks about how the

The Psychological and Social Effects of Sexual Abuse Free Essays

string(137) " may not be Collie’s real father, but he is still her stepfather, but she only sees him as a remorseless, dominant child molester\." In today’s society, while parents are supposed to nurture their children, some are either the ones who cause them the most pain or are oblivious to the fact that their child is depressed or abused. The effect that sexual abuse has on a young child is inexpressible and can affect the way an individual functions. In society, many people underestimate the impact of sexual abuse, especially on young teenage girls, but in the two novels that I studied, the impact that sexual abuse has on a child’s life is clearly severe and apparent. We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychological and Social Effects of Sexual Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now Father absences often cause many problems in the legislations a child has with either their significant other or other family members. In an article written by Ellis (2003), father absences are what cause females to become sexually active or pregnant. However, in the novels, Push and The Color Purple, the fathers are the ones who are sexually active with their daughters. These two disturbing, yet powerful novels are based on the perspective of two poor, African- American girls, named Precious and Cell. Their entire lives revolve around emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. In these two novels, the sexual abuse Is caused by their father’s dominant personalities, their psychological problems, and their own hatred towards men, while the deterioration of family relationships, low self-esteem, and gravitation towards females are all effects of sexual abuse. Psychological and social problems are often regarded as the most significant effects of sexual abuse against young teenage girls. Women have always been oppressed by men and have been subjected to so much negativity as a result of male dominance. In Precious’ case, Precious’ dominant father compels her to have sex with him in order to satisfy his own sexual needs. The most prominent cause of sexual abuse In this Instance Is mainly his lack of appreciation towards his daughter and his oppressive behavior. Throughout the novel, his failed relationships with Precious and Mary provoke his aggression towards Precious. Mary and Allophones relationship lacks stability and has a negative impact on the relationship Precious has with both her father and mother. Precious’ parents were never married to begin with, but after a period of time, Precious’ father decides to abandon his family. According to two authors at Princeton university, Beck and McClellan (2010), there are different causes of low relationship quality and stability, and this is simply one of them. Impaired family relationships are the most essential factors of sexual abuse in both novels. Carol’s dominant personality is the main causation of all the problems he encounters with Mary, thus provoking him to leave her permanently. His dominant traits are shown when Mary feels obligated to him and complies with him Into raping their own daughter. Despite the fact that Precious Is his daughter, Carl disregards the Immorality of his actions. The torment that he puts Precious through Is unbelievable and the sexual abuse continues for many years. In this case, Carol’s dominance and control over the two females Is widely Incorporated In the novel. The time before she becomes impregnated by him, not once, but twice. The two babies she gives birth to symbolize the struggles that she has had to overcome and the struggles that she will face in the future. Despite the fact that she was only 12 years old at the time her first baby was born, she becomes impregnated for the second time, four years later, at the age of 16. The abuse that she becomes subjected to causes her a great deal of pain and suffering, and it also causes a great deal of tension between Precious and her mother, Mary. Since Mary despises the idea of Precious achieving anything good in her life, she insists on Precious quitting school. Her overbearing and aggressive personality causes Precious to quit the one thing she feels so deeply for, which is her education. Precious’ entire life is a very abusive and ongoing cycle, and for the most part, it is a result of the sexual abuse and the abandonment of her father after the birth of their two children. Since Precious has the responsibility to take care of two children, Mary, being the ruthless person that she is, uses this as an opportunity to help her through her own financial difficulties. However, when Precious entertains the idea of attending an alternative school and moving out with her two children, Mary clearly discourages this idea since she relies on the welfare to escape her financial struggles. A countless number of problems arise through these discussions and that soon causes Mary to reach her ultimate breaking point with Precious. All these problems that they encounter are problems which surfaced after Carol’s absence. Their poor family relationship is one of the main effects of Carol’s abuse towards Precious, and it is quite evident that his dominating personality is what caused the abuse. The problems illustrated by Sapphire are what ultimately causes the deterioration of their family relationship and forces Precious to lose the last bit of hope that she has for her family. The main character of The Color Purple, Cell, is taken advantage of by her dominant and aggressive father, Alphorns, who uses her vulnerability to sexually abuse her. In the novel The Color Purple, Collie’s parents have a very dysfunctional relationship, especially because Collie’s mother is ill and is incapable of pleasing her husband’s sexual desires. His controlling behavior raises a huge concern for the entire family, and their worst fears are brought to reality when he impregnates his daughter twice. Collie’s mother’s illness is a burden to Alphorns, and he uses it as an excuse to sexually abuse Cell. After being impregnated by Alphorns twice, she gives birth to two beautiful babies, but has them taken away from her by him. His oppressive behavior causes Celli to become fearful for both her and her sister, Nineties. Alphorns may not be Collie’s real father, but he is still her stepfather, but she only sees him as a remorseless, dominant child molester. You read "The Psychological and Social Effects of Sexual Abuse" in category "Papers" His dominance is shown by the way he speaks to his daughter, commanding her to have sex with him and do house work. The abuse is what causes Collie’s entire youth to be destroyed, and it only worsens as she is forced to marry a man who exemplifies everything her father stands for, which is controlling and abusive. After everything that has occurred with their family, Allophones relationship with his daughter reaches its ultimate breaking point once her mother sees, after which, he decides to enter into a new relationship with a girl who is Just around Collie’s age. After dealing with the sexual abuse for quite some time, Celli feels discomfort when she is near her father, and after the death of her mother, their and characters is evidently the fact that both girls are mistreated by their controlling fathers. In addition to the sexual abuse, both their fathers remain absent throughout their life, whether it is physically or emotionally, and their mothers are either dead or abusive. While both Celli and Precious’ superior fathers cause the sexual abuse, the effect that sexual abuse has on these two young girls is depicted as their family relationships begin to deteriorate. Due to the immense impact that sexual abuse has on these two young girls, their entire life becomes a painted picture of their destroyed family, and most importantly, the absence of their fathers. The psychological problems that one has to deal with can often control their life and become the reason why they act a certain way. This is evident in the case of Precious’ father, Carl. Carol’s problems with Mary, and his own insecurities, are what cause him o abuse his daughter, both verbally and sexually. A person does not abuse another individual for no significant reason, but there is always reasoning behind their actions. In the beginning of the novel, Sapphire illustrates Carl as a man who shows no remorse or compassion, someone who likes to take advantage of young girls. The abuse inflicted on a young child can often cause the deterioration of their character, most importantly, their self-esteem. Throughout the novel Push, there are many instances that depict the psychological issues that Precious is subjected to, mainly as result of the sexual abuse she endures from her father. Afterwards, Precious becomes very insecure and feels disgusted at the fact that she has tolerated the abuse for so long, regardless of the fact that she is only a child and is not capable of preventing it. According to Borer and Fine (1992), a child’s development can be severely affected by sexual abuse, as well as other forms of child maltreatment. Being sexually abused as a child can dictate how an individual functions in their everyday life, and that is evident in Precious’ case. Precious becomes so accustomed to the dead that she is nothing but a useless, obese, and illiterate girl, and that no man would ever want to be with her. She lets the abuse dictate how she feels about certain matters, especially regarding her appearance. Her most apparent weakness is her lack of self-esteem as she constantly refers to herself as a girl from a poor neighborhood, with parents who wish nothing but her ultimate worst. Although it is evident that she feels a sense of emptiness from the psychological and sexual abuse she was subjected to by her father, and the agony her mother puts her through, she goes not acknowledge the fact that that is the reason why she behaves the way she does. Her perspective on what a perfect family consists of becomes shattered, and she feels as if she will always be a victim of abuse. The abuse from both her parents causes her to become extremely vulnerable and weak, and she constantly disregards the fact that the relationship she has with her parents is the causation of all her problems, especially problems dealing with her lack of confidence. Stress, anxiety, depression, and grief, can often impact an individual’s behavior, and if one feels as f their sexual needs have not been satisfied, their desires will expand. â€Å"The sexual cycle begins with desire. Desire is in the mind† (â€Å"When Sexual Desire Disappears, 2014†). Constant fights over sexual needs can cause many problems, especially because of differences in sexual drive. In Collie’s case, this is very apparent. Collie’s father and mother have a very distant relationship and it only causes more burden behaves as if she is already dead, mainly since she is ill and cannot do many things to satisfy him. As a result of her illness, Alphorns expresses his anger by demanding Celli to satisfy the sexual needs that her mother failed to do, which ultimately means that she must replace her mother. His lack of security and love in his own relationship causes him to behave inappropriately towards Cell. As a result of all these problems that he has to deal with, he feels a lack of stability in his relationship and suffers from his own issues within himself. However, since Celli is forced to deal with the behavior of her father, her lack of self-esteem is displayed more and more, especially since she is the only child that has to tolerate the abuse. Collie’s self- esteem becomes the root of many of her problems as she often discusses her lack of appearance, knowledge, and talent, especially when compared to her sister, Nineties. While Nineties exemplifies everything a woman would want to be and everything a man would want in a woman, Celli portrays herself as the ugly sister that no one would want, which is the ultimate reason why she feels a certain way towards her sister. Evidently, since she is the only one child that has to endure her father’s brutality, she becomes more and more vulnerable throughout the entire novel, which causes her to ender what exactly attracts her to this all this negativity in her life. It is only appropriate for her to question what she is doing so wrongly that she is the only person being forced to experience this, and that becomes the reason why she has an ongoing battle with her sister. Her constant comparison with her sister affects the way she looks at herself, mainly since she knows that Nineties is someone who is incomparable. Despite Collie’s constant effort in establishing a relationship with her father, she becomes distraught over the fact that her father displays so much love ND appreciation towards Nineties, regardless of the fact that Celli is the only person who complies with his orders. Allophones psychological issues regarding his relationship with Collie’s mom and his failed relationships become the causation of his attitude towards Cell. Meanwhile, the abuse Celli experiences only causes her to have less and less confidence in herself. Being impregnated twice, by your own father, can severely affect your perspective on men. When an individual is subjected to such abuse, it can have an immense impact on their perspective of men or women, and the way they look at life in general. Many children who suffer from sexual abuse find it extremely difficult to depart from their past struggles, and hold a grudge against those who cause them so much pain. Women with a history of sexual, emotional, or physical abuse may regard men as â€Å"keyholes†, â€Å"inconsiderate†, and â€Å"unloving†, and as they reach an older age they often remember all the events that occurred when they were younger. In both novels, it is evident that both Precious and Celli share the same hatred and fear towards men, and a special bond with other females. Their fear causes them to become abused by their fathers as it is seen as a sign of weakness. After being subjected to so many negative events, it causes them to feel some sort of resentment towards their fathers and any other male character that shares the slightest similarity with their fathers, thus making them gravitate towards females. As Precious’ parents are unable to support Precious’ desires to gain her GEED, Precious’ teacher at her alternative school provides her with the support and love that her parents have failed to do. Ms. Blue, Precious’ teacher, shares a mother- receives help from her in ways that she could never have imagined. While Precious appears to lack relationships with men, the bond she shares with Ms. Blue is the polar opposite of the bond she shares with any other individual, especially those who are men. Sapphire emphasizes the importance that female characters have on Precious, mainly the importance of Ms. Blue and Precious’ female friends from her class. In an article written by Abash (201 1), he discusses the disproportion of teenage pregnancies, especially among minority youth. He makes it clear that teenage pregnancies deeply affect one’s academic accomplishments and that applies in Precious’ case. This particular article is relevant to Precious’ circumstance as her most important goal is to successfully complete school, and while all her problems are caused by her father, her achievements are a result of the help she has from her female friends and Ms. Blue. As it is extremely difficult for girls in Precious’ neighborhood to get an education, Precious feels even more appreciative towards Ms. Blue. Ms. Blue helps Precious become aware of the effort it takes to attend school and obey the teacher’s rules, and in this form she learns how to act like a civilized person. In addition to that, Ms. Rain helps Precious by allowing her to stay over at her house as Precious states â€Å"l can tell by Ms Rain’s face I’m not goanna be homeless no more† (Sapphire, 1996, p. 79). While Sapphire makes it evident that Precious feels discomfort whenever she is near men, she also states that Precious feels a sense of belonging when she is surrounded by other women, with the exception of her mother. In the novel The Color Purple, Collie’s fear and hatred towards men is very noticeable. Her father’s abuse towards her scars her for life and deeply affects the way she views men. However, she fears him because she knows what he is capable f, and she feels as if she has to show a sense of strength for her sister. Even after tolerating the abuse for so long, she is forced to marry a man named Albert. Albert shares many similarities with her father as they are abusive, dominant, and unloving. With that said, after being in an abusive relationship with Albert, Collie’s slightest bit of hope for a loving marriage and family is thrown away. With all these men taking advantage of her, she puts this abuse to an end by isolating herself from the men that cause her so much pain, and she does this with the help of her female friend, Chug Avery. With the help of Chug, Celli is able to leave her husband behind and sever ties with her husband and her father. Her emotional and physical relationship with Chug is one that she believes she could never share with any man. Us sleep like sisters, me and Chug†, Celli states (Walker, 1982, p. 146). In this particular instance, Celli expresses her feelings to Chug, feelings regarding Albertan appalling behavior. As the novel progresses it is evident that their bond becomes stronger and stronger, but once another man interferes with their relationship, Celli begins to despise the man, claiming that he is an opportunist. Chug remai ns married to Mr†¦ Grady in spite of Collie’s concerns, which only cause Celli to become more Jealous. Her issues with men are made more and more apparent throughout the novel, and that is the most important reason as to why she feels such a special bond with other females, such as Nineties, Chug Avery, and Sofia. Sofia is Collie’s stepson’s wife, and unlike Cell, Sofia is brave and able to stand up to her husband. The relationship that she has with Sofia is what empowers her, and her bond with these three girls is what confirms her actions of a man, whether it is her father of her husband, and with so much activity in her life, these three women become the only people to truly help her. In both Push and The Color Purple, there are countless similarities shared between not only Precious and Cell, but between the two fathers, Carl and Alphorns, as well as the two most important women in Precious and Collie’s lives, Ms. Blue and Chug Avery. In both novels, these two African-American teenage girls are forced to do things that most teenage girls could never imagine doing. Their controlling fathers compel them to have sex with them and impregnate them not once, but twice. Sexual abuse and father absences are the most recognizable themes in both novels, Push and The Color Purple. In these two novels the main female characters are forced to deal with the sexual abuse and torment inflicted on them by their dominant fathers. Dominating personalities, psychological problems, and hatred towards men are all causes of sexual abuse, while the deterioration of family relationships, low self- esteem, and gravitation towards females are all effects of sexual abuse. All three forms of abuse, sexual, physical, and mental abuse are applicable to the two irritations in both novels, and these forms of abuse evidently deprive them of their freedom. As a result of the sexual abuse they endured from their father, they become impregnated twice, and evidently, the abuse causes them to have an incredibly difficult time appreciating themselves, let alone anyone else. It soon causes more trouble for them as they lose their trust in men and only surround themselves with women. Psychological and social problems are widely regarded as the most prominent effects of sexual abuse against young teenage girls in battered families. How to cite The Psychological and Social Effects of Sexual Abuse, Papers

The Policy Process free essay sample

Before a policy is even established, it goes through several stages which include: agenda building, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation and termination. These steps are extremely important and need to be carefully carried out during the policy process to ensure that the policy will indeed solve the problem at hand and to also improve the quality of life for all citizens. Formulation Stage There is a lot that goes into implementing new policies. Before a policy can be created or even formulated, a problem needs to exist. Policy makers need to be prepared to explain the problem at hand and why the issue is so important. When presenting an existing problem, there are several questions to be prepared for such as: What are the implications of not acting? What is at stake? Why is action needed? These questions are important when presenting a problem to the government. Once a problem exists, the government will look into the situation. What is the formulation stage? Well pretty much the formulation stage is where the government seeks different approaches in order to solve the problem at hand. There are typically several people involved in this stage of the process including: Congress, the executive branch, the courts and interest groups (Cliffsnotes. om, n. d. ). Throughout the formulation process different approaches to the policy are made by either the President or by opposition party members of congress. The last part of the formulation stage is that the proposed bill goes before congress in which they or a regulatory agency will draft proposed rules. Once the proposed rules are drafted the process continues on with adoption in which the next process to discuss is the legislation stage. Legislation Stage The legislation stage can often times be very complicated and sometimes is can take months or even years before a bill is even passed. There are several steps in the legislative stage which include: 1. Referral to the committee 2. Committee action * Subcommittee review and hearings * Mark-up sessions * Committee action to report a bill * Publication of written report 3. Scheduling floor action 4. Debate 5. Voting 6. Referral to other chamber 7. Conference committee action 8. Final floor action 9. Executive action 10. Congressional override The first step in the legislative stage is the referral to committee in which the bills are referred to members such as a senator or congressman that are a part of the committee. The second step is committee action, this takes place when a bill reaches the committee and from there they process the bills being introduced and investigate the need for new legislation. Other actions under this step consist of subcommittee review and hearings, where they gather different viewpoints, mark-up sessions which is when the bill is examined and changes are made if necessary, committee action to report a bill is when the committee can conduct further study and hearings and then from there they vote on it before reporting the bill to the full house or enate, finally the last step under step two is the publication of a written report which is when a written report is prepared on the bill, detailing the scope, and impact of the proposed bill as well as the views of other members. The third step is scheduling floor action, this takes place when the bill is reported back to the Chamber and then it is placed on a calendar until the bill is scheduled to come up. The fourth step is the debate. The debate is subjected to specific rules which determine the amount of time that is allowed. Voting is the fifth step which occurs after the debate. During this step the bill is either passed or defeated by the members voting. According to the American Associated of Critical-Care Nurses (2013), a two-thirds vote is required to amend the Constitution, to override a Presidential veto, or to suspend the rules of the Chamber (Para. 15). The sixth step is the referral to other Chamber, this occurs when the House or Senate passes a bill. At this point the Chamber reviews the bill and can either revise it, reject it or to not take any action on it. Conference committee action is the seventh step in which both House of Congress must approve before the bill is sent to the President. If for some reason both Houses of Congress do not reach an agreement then the legislation dies. Final floor action is the eighth step and at this point the Senate and the House must pass the bill again and then it is sent to the President. The ninth step is executive action; this is when the bill is passed on to the President. At this point he signs the bills and then it becomes a law. However, if the President takes longer than ten days to take action then it will automatically become a law. The tenth step is congressional override, this occurs when the President veto’s a bill, at this point Congress can override the vote with both Houses and enact the law without the President’s signature. There are many steps involved in the process of passing a bill, however the bills that are in process affect all individuals in order to solve problems and everyday issues. Implementation Stage The implementation stage is a very important part of the policy process; it is actually the second to the last stage and occurs after a law is passed. During this stage in the process, implementation consists of organizing, funding, staffing, regulating, directing, and coordinating the program. Generally the implementation stage seeks out the goals and objectives of the policy. Most public policies are carried out by administrative agencies in the executive branch, although sometimes the courts get involved in implementing decisions they make (American Government, 2013). Agencies ensure that policies are being carried out by establishing specific policies and procedures and sometimes they offer incentives to those that comply. Those that do not comply with policies and procedures may be penalized. `Conclusion Laws are very important to everyone and affect all different kinds of people. As you can see there is a lot that goes into the policy process, which include many different people and many stages. Policies are reviewed every day and the purpose of them is to solve problems that affect us every day. Polices are established to improve the quality of life and to increase public safety. Throughout this paper we have learned various different stages of the policy process which include the formulation stage, the legislative stage and the implementation stage. The formulation stage is the beginning stage where a policy is suggested due to an existing problem that needs to be solved. Throughout this stage different people are involved in order to seek different approaches in order to solve the problem. The legislative stage is a huge phase in the policy process and has many important people that are involved and many steps that are involved. People that are involved in this process include the President, Congress, Senate and other important members of the government. This is an extremely important process in policy making because this is where polices are carefully thought out and established. Finally the last part of this paper that was discussed what the implementation stage in which we learned that once the law is passed, administrative agencies in the executive branch implement decisions such as organizing, funding, staffing, regulating, directing, and coordinating the program. Basically the idea of the implementation stage is to seek out the goals and objectives of policy. Policies are important to everyone and affect everyone but overall they improve the quality of life. References American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. (2013). Introduction to the Legislative and Regulatory Process. Retrieved from http://www. aacn. org/wd/practice/content/publicpolicy/intro. pcms? menu=practice American Government. (2013). Policy Making: Political Interactions. Retrieved 2/18/2013 from http://www. ushistory. org/gov/11. asp Cliffsnotes. com. (n. d. ). The Policy Making Process. Retrieved from http://www. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/topicarticleid-65383,articleid-65551. html